Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is recognized by the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition” (DSM-5) as a trauma- and stressor-related disorder. PTSD occurs after witnessing or experiencing a life-threatening event such as a tragic accident, death, rape, terror attack, physical violence or a refugee crisis and should be addressed with treatment for PTSD. It is similar to an acute stress disorder with the exception of the duration of symptoms. Unlike acute stress disorder, which lasts for one month, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder last for at least six months. Both disorders are defined by the same symptoms, etiologies and treatments.
Symptoms Of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
PTSD is caused by a terrifying experience such as combat, rape or witnessing disaster, among others. PTSD commonly affects war veterans, first responders, refugees and individuals in abusive relationships. The survivor experiences recurring memories and flashbacks that render him/her incapable of living a normal life. Many individuals need months or perhaps even years to recover. During this time, they may also experience symptoms of anxiety or depression. Substance abuse may be one way of avoiding such emotions, though it can cause further damage as a result.
The Mayo Clinic lists symptoms of PTSD, which include but are not limited to:
- Avoidance
- Hopelessness
- Numbness
- Difficulty maintaining relationships
- Memory problems